فهرست مطالب
International Journal of Pediatrics
Volume:8 Issue: 84, Dec 2020
- تاریخ انتشار: 1399/09/13
- تعداد عناوین: 19
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Pages 12523-12532
Background:
Occult hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection (OBI) is a form of the disease which does not present with Hepatitis B surface antigens (HBsAg) in the serum of patients with HBV DNA being detectable in the serum and hepatocytes. OBI is an important risk factor for acquiring post transfusion hepatitis. This could lead to reactivation of the HBV, liver cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. We aimed to examine the prevalence of OBI in frequent blood and blood product transfused Egyptian pediatric patients.
Materials and MethodsThis case-control study was done in pediatric department, Minia University. Forty-five patients randomly selected from the blood transfusion unit in the central Minia blood bank were enrolled. Their age ranged from 3-18 years. Another 12 known hepatitis B positive age- and sex-matched patients were enrolled as controls. Routine AST, ALT, blood urea, serum creatinine, and hemoglobin levels were done, HBsAg, anti-hepatitis B surface antibodies (anti-HBsAb), anti-hepatitis B core antibodies (anti-HBcAb), and HBV DNA (by nested PCR) were examined for both patients and controls.
ResultsAlthough anti-HBs serum levels were ≥10IU/L, HBV DNA was present in 27 (60%) of the 45 HBsAg negative patients. Thirteen (48%) of the OBI patients were anti-HBcAb positive. No significant differences were found between HbcAb positive and negative OBI groups regarding age, gender, frequency of blood transfusion, presence of hepatomegaly, presence of splenomegaly, serum ferritin, AST, ALT, blood urea, serum creatinine, and hemoglobin levels. On the other hand, Hepatitis C Virus Ab positivity was significantly higher among HbcAb positive patients (p=0.02).
Conclusion:
Based on the results, the risk of acquiring OBI is high in patients receiving frequent blood transfusions despite obligatory HBV vaccination.
Keywords: Chronic blood transfusion, Egypt, HBsAg, HBV, Thalassemia, Viral Hepatitis -
Pages 12533-12544
Background :
Studies have shown that exercises that are anaerobic and produce lactate affect the level of Brain-derived neurotrophic family (BDNF). This study aimed to evaluate and compare the effects of anaerobic gymnastics exercise on salivary BDNF levels in obese and normal-weight boys.
Materials and MethodsIn this semi-experimental study, sixty subjects with age range of 8 to 12 years old who enrolled in the elementary level of gymnastics participated in this study and were randomly divided into four groups [(obese experimental group, n=15), (obese control group, n= 15), (normal weight experimental group, n= 15), and (normal weight control group, n=15)]. Experimental groups performed 45 minutes anaerobic gymnastics exercise including 10-minute warm up, 30-minutes of main exercises, and 5 minutes cool down, 3 times per week for 8 weeks. Body composition characteristics and the levels of salivary BDNF were measured before and after 8 weeks of training. Significance was set at p ≤ 0.05 for all analyses.
ResultsThe mean and standard deviations of the subjects’ age in this study was 9.89±1.36 years. According to the results we found significant changes (p <0.05) following AGE in obese group (BDNF = +33.80%, p=0.002, weight= -8.09%, p=0.001, body fat%= -12.81, p=0.001, body fat weight= -19.38, p=0.001, lean body weight= -3.20, p=0.001), and in normal-weight group just (BDNF= +31.36%, p=0.003). Significant differences were found among obese and normal-weight groups in weight, body fat%, body fat weight, and BDNF (p˂0.05).
ConclusionEight weeks anaerobic gymnastic training induces an increase in salivary BDNF levels in obese and normal-weight groups. Moreover, we demonstrated that weight decreased after our training protocol in obese children.
Keywords: Children, Growth factors, Obesity, Weight loss -
Pages 12535-12544BackgroundEmotions accompany humans from the old days and have played their roles in the lives of human beings; a wide range of emotional instability and extremity and the adjusting dimensions of emotion have formed a series of behaviors. Besides, everyone's belief and cognition about one's abilities affect each moment of the educational and life stages. The present paper aimed to analyze emotional processing strategies' effectiveness on students' academic adjustment and engagement.Materials and MethodsThe research method is a quasi-experimental one with a non-equivalent control group pretest-posttest design; the research community includes all the boy students in the first grade of high school in the academic year 2019-2020. Thirty cases were chosen randomly and substituted in two groups of 15 cases (an experimental group and a control group). The experimental group then received instruction and intervention for eight sessions, but the control group received no instruction. After the end of the instructional sessions, the posttest had been taken. The used instrument in this research includes the adjustment questionnaire of Singha and Singh's (1993), and Zerang academic engagement questionnaire (2012). For considering the validity and the data analysis, Multivariate Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA), Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANCOVA), and SPSS V.22 were used.ResultsThe results have shown that the strategies embedded with emotional processing have more effectiveness in improving academic adjustment compared to academic engagement. The results also have shown that emotional processing strategies' effectiveness has significant relationships with academic engagement and adjustment at p <0.05.ConclusionAccording to the research findings, teaching interventional strategies of emotional processing helps increase the students' academic adjustment and engagement.Keywords: Academic Adjustment, academic engagement, Effect, Iran, Students
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Pages 12553-12563
Background :
Due to the prevalence of domestic violence and its effect on women's health, especially during breastfeeding, this study was conducted to investigate the factors associated with physical domestic violence during breastfeeding in Iranian women.
Materials and MethodsThis descriptive cross-sectional study was performed through multi-stage sampling on 549 women who had infants up to 6 months of age during breastfeeding, and referred to health centers affiliated to Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences in Tehran, Iran. For data collection demographic, obstetrics, breastfeeding status and WHO physical domestic violence questionnaires were used. Data analysis was performed with SPSS software version 19.0.
ResultsThe results showed that the rate of physical violence was 35.7%, and 5.8% of women experienced physical violence more than 5 times during breastfeeding. In logistic regression, husband’s occupation (p <0.014), women’s education (p <0.007), household income (p <0.003), independent income of women (p <0.002), infant gender (p <0.002), husband’s support in breastfeeding (p <0.035), exclusive breastfeeding (p <0.001) were associated with physical domestic violence during breastfeeding.
ConclusionSome socioeconomic characteristics such as education, occupation of women and their husband, age of husband, duration of the marriage, infant gender, household income, and the independent income of women were related to physical violence during breastfeeding. It is necessary to identify women exposed to violence to prevent its complications, especially during breastfeeding.
Keywords: Breastfeeding, Domestic violence, Infancy, Reproductive period -
Pages 12555-12562Children are so vulnerable in armed conflicts. They are international targets of violence, victims of indiscriminate violence, and traumatized witnesses of violence against others. They are disproportionately affected by war, being at greater risk of malnutrition and disease and highly vulnerable to abuse and exploitation. Despite the emerging acceptance to embrace the responsibility to protect (R2P) doctrine, the use and abuse of children by armed groups, State and non-State, has continued. The Responsibility to Protect claims to offer a solution to one of the gravest issues in world politics – mass atrocities. Ten years after the International Commission on Intervention and State Sovereignty (ICISS) detailed the concept, and five years after it was endorsed by the United Nations, we are presented an opportune moment to critically explore fundamental questions as to whether R2P has, or is able to, deliver on its promise. The article discusses the lack of discourse associated with the child soldier problem and how this relates to responsibility to protect.Keywords: Armed conflict, Children soldiers, R2P
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Pages 12565-12574
Background :
Timely initiation of breastfeeding is defined as placing the neonates to the breast within 1 h after delivery. In Ethiopia, different studies have been conducted to assess the magnitude of early initiation of breast feeding but findings of these studies were characterized by great variability. Therefore, the aim this study was to assess timely initiation of breastfeeding and associated factors among mothers of children less than 12 months old.
Materials and MethodsCommunity based cross-sectional study design was employed from January 1st to March 31st 2019. Multistage sampling procedure was used and data was collected by interviewer administered questionnaire. Both bivariable and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed and statistical significance was declared at P- value less than 0.05.
ResultsThe mean age of mothers in this study was 25.97 (+5.5), and 93.7% were married. Prevalence of timely initiation of breast feeding was 80.2%. In multiple logistic regression analysis, being male (AOR: 3.39, 95% CI: 3.39(1.49, 7.71), living with nuclear family (AOR: 3.49, 95% CI: 1.09-11.12), spontaneous vaginal delivery (AOR: 4.67, 95% CI: 1.92-11.33), and counseling on timely initiation of breast feeding during ANC (AOR: 4.76, 95% CI: 2.06-10.98) were statistically associated.
ConclusionTimely initiation of breastfeeding in Wolaita Sodo city was lower than nationally recommended level of 92%. Providing breastfeeding counseling during antenatal visits and at community level on timely initiation of breastfeeding and advising mothers to initiate breast milk within 1 hour after caesarian sections were recommended.
Keywords: Breastfeeding, Early initiation, Ethiopia Infants -
Pages 12575-12583
Background :
The development of the brain during fetal period affects the functioning of the nervous system the whole of the lifetime. Numerous maternal disorders during pregnancy can affect fetal neural development, one of which is gestational diabetes. Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) can have a long-term negative impact on the fetal neural development. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of gestational diabetes on motor development of 12-month-old children.
Materials and MethodsIn this prospective cohort study, 439 pregnant mothers referred to Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran, who met the inclusion criteria were sampled at 24-28 weeks of gestation. Then these women were followed-up until child birth and after birth until 12 months afterwards. The process of motor development of their children at the age of 12 months was studied using the Age and Stage Questionnaire.
ResultsThe results of this study showed that among the women who participated in the study, 87 mothers had gestational diabetes. Of the 12-month-old children of the mothers who participated in this study, from 24 children with motor developmental delays, 11 children belonged to GDM mothers (87 women), whereas the rest (11), were born from the non-diabetic women (352 women). The relative Risk of motor developmental delay in children born to mothers with gestational diabetes was 1.49 (95%, CI = 0.98-1.87).
Conclusion:
The present study showed that gestational diabetes can be a powerful risk factor for child motor developmental delay (both fine and gross motor skills).
Keywords: Child, Gestational Diabetes Mellitus, Gross Motor Skills, motor developmental -
Pages 12585-12590
Group A Streptococcus (GAS) can cause invasive disease but rarely causes meningitis. Here we report a three-year-old girl with a GAS meningitis after Arnold-Chiari type I corrective surgery. Six days after surgery she presented fever, headache, vomiting and surgical wound inflammatory signs. A cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) collection with a fistulous path to skin was identified and GAS was found in blood and CSF cultures. Despite targeted antibiotherapy, due to lack of improvement and difficult management of the CSF fistula, she needed to be submitted to several surgical corrections and increased antibiotherapy spectrum. Despite the low risk in acquiring bacterial meningitis after neurosurgery, these procedures may be a direct route for infection. Surgery complications like a fistula are a known risk factor for infection and although uncommon, GAS meningitis may be difficult to manage and can cause serious morbidity.
Keywords: Arnold-Chiari type I malformation surgery, Group A Streptococcus invasive disease, Group A Streptococcus meningitis -
Pages 12591-12601
Background:
Recently there has been concern about grief following the loss of a child and the factors affecting its severity that have been less addressed in research. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between spiritual well-being, mental health and religiosity and grief severity in women who experienced the fetal or neonatal deaths.
Materials and MethodsA cross-sectional-analytical study was carried out on 200 women who experienced the perinatal deaths and referred to four hospitals affiliated to Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. The data were collected using demographic questionnaire, Spiritual well-being scale (SWBS), Perinatal grief scale (PGS), Muslim religiosity scale (MRS), and General healthy questionnaire (GHQ). The data were analyzed using SPSS software version 19. LISREL software version 8.8 was used to test the designed model.
ResultsThere was a significant relationship between spiritual well-being level and the grief severity (p <0.001). Also, a significant relationship was observed between religiosity and mental health level and the grief severity (p <0.001). Religiosity has the most negative relationship (β=-0.838), and mental health has the most positive relationship (β=0.33) with the severity of fetal-neonatal grief.
Conclusion
According to the results, spiritual well-being and religiosity can reduce the grief severity; therefore, it is recommended that the interventional studies should be performed to minimize this problem.
Keywords: death, Grief, fetal, Spiritual well-being, Mental health, neonate -
Pages 12603-12617BackgroundFrom the viewpoints of the experts of teaching and training, if teachers were acquainted with the model of Five Minds for the Future and were able to apply it in the process of their teaching, they would be able to train more successful students. The current research is done with the modeling purpose of Gardner’s Five Minds for the Future in education of the student teachers of Farhangian University.Materials and MethodsThisresearch is done with the approach, mixed with heuristic strategy. The under-study communities in the qualitative stage were all the professors and the student teachers of Kerman’s Farhangian University and all the student teachers of Farhangian University, Kerman, Iran, were included in the quantitative stage. The volume sample was 22 subjects for the qualitative stage and 400 subjects for the quantitative stage which have been chosen with random stratified sampling. The instruments for gathering information in the qualitative stage were the semi-structured interview and in the quantitative stage the structured interview.ResultsIn the aggregate of the gained finding, the qualitative part includes 193 free codes which, after final analysis, were divided into 5 categories and 18 sub-categories. Principal gained findings include posteriori findings of the research, contextual conditions, intervening conditions, the implementation strategies and the implementation consequences. QuantitativeFindingThe gained results of the structural equation modeling indicate that the drawn conceptual model has acceptable fitting.ConclusionVarious factors like students’ awareness of five superior minds, preparation of university environment, creative course contents, are among the influential factors on teaching Five Minds for the Future to the student teachers.Keywords: Five Minds for the Future, Gardner, Student teachers, Farhangian University
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Pages 12619-12628Background
Covid-19 is known to be diagnosed with clinical manifestations such as dry mouth, fever, respiratory distress, fatigue and tiredness, decreased leukocyte, and pneumonia evidence on CT- scan. We aimed to investigate the clinical symptoms of hospitalized patients with and without Covid-19 to develop the required clinical information.
Materials and MethodsA retrospective descriptive study was conducted in 200 patients suspected of having Covid-19 infection hospitalized in Imam Reza hospital, one of the Referral Hospitals for Covid-19 patients, Mashhad, Iran. Patients’ records were reviewed for demographics and clinical symptoms, and the results of laboratory tests over January and February 2020 were reviewed. The admission criterion was definitive Corona virus infection diagnosis, and the exclusion criteria were suffering from viral hepatitis, chronic liver disease, and liver malignancies. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 16.0.
ResultsThe prevalence of Covid-19 was revealed to be 75% among the suspected patients (71.1% in women and 77.4% in men). The average age of Covid-19 patients was 55.06± 17.23, and the average hospitalization period of Covid-19 patients was 8.22± 5.81 days. The most prevalent symptom among Covid-19 patients was fever and cold symptoms (65%), respiratory complications (17.5%), and fever (6%). The most significant laboratory findings regarding Covid-19 patients were their high NET, LDH, and CRP levels.
ConclusionThe prevalence of Covid-19 was revealed to be 77.4% among the suspected patients. The average age of Covid-19 patients was 55.06± 17.23 years. Based on the results, laboratory parameters are not sufficient for Covid-19 diagnosis due to their low sensitivity and indication, but can improve the value and diagnostic aspects of the disease if used accompanied by CT- scan.
Keywords: Iran, COVID-19, Clinical Parameters, Prevalence -
Pages 12629-12634
Progressive anterior vertebral fusion (PAVF or Copenhagen syndrome) is a very rare cause of pathologic kyphosis that gradually and progressively leads to anterior vertebral fusion. In this report, we described a 13-year-old girl with PAVF presented to the orthopedic clinic of Imam Reza Hospital with rigid thoracic kyphosis (900) in 2019. She underwent two stages anterior and posterior spinal surgery and was finally discharged with a normally aligned spine and good general condition. In pediatric patients presented with thoracic or thoracolumbar kyphosis, in addition to the common diseases that cause kyphosis, PAVF should also be considered.
Keywords: Child, Spinal fusion, Kyphosis, Vertebral body fusion overgrowth -
Pages 12635-12642
Background :
Neonatal jaundice is a common condition. Total serum bilirubin (TSB) measuring is standard for bilirubin testing, while transcutaneous bilirubin (TcB) is an alternative method. We aimed to evaluate the correlation between TSB and TcB in term and preterm neonates.
Materials and MethodsThis prospective cross-sectional study was conducted to on 93 term and preterm neonates in Fatemieh Hospital in 2018, Hamadan, Iran. The samples were categorized into two groups, including term and preterm icteric neonates. Neonates were evaluated to determine the necessity of bilirubin estimation with TSB measurement. After the confirmation of jaundice, the blood samples obtained were sent to the laboratory for bilirubin estimation, and at the same time, the TcB measurement was performed by the bilirubinometer. Selectra X-L was utilized by which the blood samples were analyzed through the dichloroanilin method. The Pearson correlation coefficient was used to evaluate the relationship and stringency of the correlation between the approaches.
ResultsIn general,61% and 38% of neonates were boys and girls, respectively. Before phototherapy, the TSB values were lower than TcB estimations in term and preterm neonates. The estimated Pearson correlation coefficients were obtained at r=0.729 (p <0.001), and r=0.802 (p <0.001) in term and preterm neonates, respectively. After phototherapy, contrary to the obtained results before phototherapy, the TSB concentration was higher than TcB concentrations. The difference between the measured values of the two approaches was more significant in term neonates. The Pearson correlation coefficient estimations were r=0.804 (p <0.001), and r=0.901 (p <0.001) in term and preterm neonates, respectively.
ConclusionBased on the results, there was a significant correlation between the values of TSB and TcB in term and preterm neonates.
Keywords: Hyperbilirubinemia, Neonatal Jaundice, Phototherapy, Transcutaneous bilirubin -
Pages 12643-12650
Background:
Influenza viral infections lead to a wide range of respiratory diseases which have an annual pattern and are responsible for significant morbidity and mortality among children. It was found that influenza among children has significant rates of mortality and morbidity. We aimed to evaluate the diagnostic value of Pediatric Risk of Mortality (PRISM) III scoring system in children with influenza for clinical outcomes of patients.
Materials and MethodsIn this cross-sectional study, 50 children referred to the Children's Hospital of Tabriz (Iran) with flu symptoms who were admitted to the ward or pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) were evaluated through the PRISM III model.
ResultsIn this study, 50 children (48% female and 52% male) with a mean age range of 70.28 ±22.46 months with the flu were studied. The mean PICU of patients’ hospitalization was 34.2 ±36.5 days and the mortality rate was 16%. There was no statistically significant relationship between patient mortality and the variables of age, gender, length of hospitalization in PICU and the length of general hospitalization (p <0.05). However, only a statistically significant inverse relationship was observed between blood urea nitrogen (BUN) level and patient mortality among other variables evaluated in the PRISM III model (p = 0.016). In addition, there was a statistically significant relationship between PRISM III model score and mortality in the studied patients (p = 0.002).
Conclusion:
In the present study, considering the cut-off point 14, the sensitivity and specificity of the PRISM III model in estimating the mortality of children with influenza are equal to 87.5% and 85.7%, respectively; so the PRISM III model had excellent diagnostic and estimation power.
Keywords: Children, flu, Mortality, PRISM III -
Pages 12651-12657
Background :
Dental malocclusion is one of the most common developmental anomalies. Fixed orthodontics as one of the treatments of malocclusion are referred to as mechanical devices that are attached to the teeth. This study assessed quality of life (QOL) based on oral health impact profile (OHIP) amongst Iranian patients undergoing fixed orthodontic appliances in orthodontic center of Sari, Iran.
Materials and Methods:
This is a prospective controlled longitudinal study on 14-19 year-old patients with fixed orthodontic appliances in orthodontic centers of Sari, Iran, in 2018. The 4th and 5th grade of orthodontic treatment need (IOTN) subjects were enrolled in the study. QOL was assessed based on OHIP questionnaire at the beginning of the study before placing braces (T0), a day after placing braces (T1), and three months after placing braces (T2) for all subjects. Data were analyzed by SPSS version 24.0.
ResultsThe number of 290 patients (145 male and 145 female) were investigated. The average age of participants was 17 ± 1.94 years. The average QOL at three T0, T1, T2 times showed that the QOL of patients in T0 (19.66 ± 10.19) was at the lowest value, in T1 (29.53 ± 15.14) it was moderate and in T2 (17.84 ± 9.22) it was good, and these changes were statistically significant (P <0.05). The results of correlation test showed that age had no significant correlation with QOL at any stage of measuring QOL (T0: r=-0.008, P=0.89; T1: r=0.031, P=0.6; T2: r=-0.007, P=0.91).
ConclusionThe results of this study showed that QOL increases after orthodontics. The average score of the QOL in T1 was at its lowest value, but T2 had a good QOL. The QOL of men and women was not different in any of the three measuring stages.
Keywords: Adolescents, Oral Health, Orthodontic Appliance, Quality of life -
Pages 12659-12673
Background :
Kawasaki Disease (KD) is a common systemic vasculitis, which mostly develops in childrenunder five years. Based on our knowledge no meta-analysis, studies have been conducted to evaluate the clinical and laboratory findings of KD in Iran. We aimed to evaluate these characteristics in Iranian children with KD.
Materials and MethodsIn this Systematic review, online databases, including Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, EMBASE, Medlib, SID, Magiran, and Irandoc were searched until February 2020. The keywords of KD and characteristics were combined and searched. Search, and extraction of papers were performed by two authors independently. The prevalence rates of all clinical and laboratory characteristics of KD and involvement of other organs were analyzed by the random effect model using the STATA software (version 11.0).
ResultsTwenty studies were included. In clinical findings among KD patients fever was 100%, change in oral cavity and lips was 82%, bilateral conjunctiva was 78%, rash was 74%, change in extremities was 62%, agitation was 53%, and cervical lymphadenopathy was 50%. In laboratory findings, ESR was 86%, CRP was 67%, leukocytosis was 62%, Hb
ConclusionThe fever, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and desquamation are the most prevalent clinical, laboratory, and involvement of other organ characteristics respectively.
Keywords: Children, Iran, Kawasaki disease, Meta-analysis -
Pages 12675-12683
Background:
In this study, we aimed to survey the relationship between serum levels of cardiac enzymes and junctional ectopic tachycardia (JET) after corrective surgery of congenital heart disease (CHD).
Materials and MethodsIn this cohort study, 140 children with CHD who were hospitalized in intensive care unit of Shahid Modarres hospital in Tehran, Iran, were divided into case group (the JET group including 37 patients), and control group including 103 patients. These two groups were compared based on the previous studies and collected data.
ResultsBased on the analysis of the area under the Receiver Operating Characteristic curve, the Creatine Kinase Myocardial Band (CK-MB) level assessment can predict the occurrence of JET after the surgery (area under the curve is 0.849, 95% confidence interval is 0.786- 0.911), and the best cut-off point for it is 95.5 to predict the occurrence of JET. So, CK-MB will diagnose the occurrence of JET with 97.3% sensitivity and 67% specificity. In the same analysis, the troponin level assessment can predict the occurrence of JET after the surgery (area under the curve is 0.877, 95% confidence interval is 0.821- 0.933). Accordingly, the best cut-off point for the troponin is 45 to predict the occurrence of junctional ectopic tachycardia which will diagnose it with 97.3% sensitivity, and 72.8% specificity.
ConclusionThere is a positive correlation between the occurrence of JET after corrective surgery of CHD and an increase in the level of CK-MB and troponin enzymes. So that the level of CK-MB above 95.5 and the level of troponin above 45 might predict the occurrence of JET in these patients with high accuracy.
Keywords: Children, Cardiac Surgery, congenital heart disease, JET -
Pages 12685-12695
Background :
The most common type of feeding for infants is breastfeeding. Since breastfeeding mothers have low levels of breastfeeding knowledge, proper Health workers' support can play an effective role in raising mother's awareness and enhancing exclusive nutrition. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of telephone counseling during the postpartum period on exclusive breastfeeding.
Materials and MethodsThis quasi-experimental study was conducted on 170 breastfed women referred to the 2 selected health centers of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences in 2018. The participants were randomly allocated into two equal groups (75 individuals each). The participants in the intervention group received telephone counseling by one midwifery expert. The control group received routine care. Data were collected using a questionnaire including demographic characteristics and a breastfeeding check-list. Exclusive breastfeeding rates were recorded two and six months after childbirth in both groups. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 24.0.
ResultsA total of 165 mothers participants in this study. Based on the results, exclusive breastfeeding rate was 61% in treatment group and 39.8% in control group which was statistically significant (p=0.006). In addition, 24 neonates (28.9%) of the newborns in the control group and 19 (23.2%) in the intervention group were fed to the breastfeeding. This difference was statistically significant and indicates that the intervention Telephone counseling in postpartum period has a positive effect on exclusive breastfeeding (p = 0.027). Conclusion Based on the results, using a counseling program in this study led to an increase in exclusive breastfeeding in newborns. Pre and postpartum and lactation care for both mother and infant can increase health and exclusive breastfeeding.
Keywords: Exclusive breastfeeding, Telephone counseling, Postpartum -
Pages 12697-12704Background
In recent decades, there has been an increase in the prevalence of bronchial asthma, in the difference in the prevalence of asthma-like symptoms detected by a continuous survey, and of bronchial asthma detected by the incidence rate. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of occurrence of asthma-like symptoms in schoolchildren of Khabarovsk and Khabarovsk rural area.
Materials and MethodsThe cross-sectional study was conducted between April 2018 and June 2019, and involved 696 school students at the age of 13 to 14 years old from Khabarovsk and Khabarovsk rural area, Russia. For the first time, the prevalence of asthma-like symptoms in adolescents in the Khabarovsk territory was determined by the standard continuous survey of ISAAC.
ResultsOf the students surveyed, 345 were boys and 351 were girls. The prevalence of asthma-like symptoms among adolescents in the whole region according to ISAAC (17.9%) is 7.5 times higher than that revealed by the incidence rate (2.4%). The prevalence and severity of asthma-like symptoms in the Khabarovsk rural area is much higher (18.6%) than in Khabarovsk (17.6%), specifically, nocturnal dyspnea occurs 1.5 times more often (34.6% vs. 23.7%), shortness of breath causing difficulties in speech occurs 1.9 times more often (30.8% vs. 16.5%), distant wheezing during physical activity occurs 2.6 times more often (98,0% vs. 37,3%).
ConclusionThe level of asthma-like symptoms among adolescents in the Khabarovsk territory was the highest among the regions of Russia and significantly exceeds the level of nearby regions. It can be suggested that the atopic process in the bronchi, socio-economic factors and the availability of medical care have a greater impact on the frequency of asthma-like symptoms.
Keywords: Adolescents, Bronchial asthma, ISAAK, Russian Federation